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- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place at the "Salle du Conseil de l’UFR Droit, au rez-de-chaussée du Bâtiment Droit-Lettres de l’Université de Bourgogne" (4 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON). This work was directed by Thomas Thévenin.
Defense jury
Corinne BLANQUART, Research Director at the IFSTTAR,
Anne BRETAGNOLLE, Professor at the University Paris 1-Panthéon-Sorbonne,
Valérie FACCHINETTI-MANNONE, Associate Professor at the University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté,
Jordi MARTI-HENNEBERG, Professor at the University of Lleida, Spain
Thomas THEVENIN, Professor at the University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Abstract
The interaction between space and network are frequently questioned in the academic literature, by asking the economical and demographical impacts of a new infrastructure, often studied at the scale of a project. This work aims to investigate the components of the interaction in both large spatial and temporal scales. The hypothesis is that the temporal depth and the national scale could bring new explanations. This work is based on the collect, the exploitation and the analysis of the large spatio-temporal database FRANcE (French Railway Network). It identifies all sections of the network since the 19th century and the population census. This database also contains the traces of the speed, which are novel information for network, and allows the accessibility to become a decisive variable in the explanations.
Rather than acquisition new data with an intensive phase of collect, we aim to build a methodological chain to study the two senses of interaction between space and network. It requires the adaptation of data structuration and analysis. The approach of this thesis consists on the growing modelling of the phenomenon, from the comprehension to formalization of data to the analysis, which requires the use of other disciplines. This work uses the graph theory to investigate the two senses of the relationship. It permits to study the network effect in the long run by diversifying the data to identify spatial and temporal ranges. It permits to study the impact of a pre-existing structure in the morphogenesis of the network, by using a dynamic model of network evolution, between diffusion and hierarchical organization. This work aims to understand the link between space and network, where the methodological tools can be adapted to other networks, other times and actual questioning.
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- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place at UFR SLHSn rue Chifflet at Besançon on December the 1st 2016 at 14H30. This work was co-directed by Jean-Christophe Foltête and Céline Clauzel.
Defense jury
Marc ANTROP, Professor at the University of Gand,
Jacques BAUDRY, Research Director at the INRA,
Céline CLAUZEL, Associate Professor at the University Paris-Diderot,
Marianne COHEN, Professor at the University Paris-Sorbonne,
Jean-Christophe FOLTÊTE, Professor at the University of Franche-Comté,
Thomas HOUET, Associate researcher at the CNRS,
Abstract
Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales are usually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clash or combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively using spatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over the last 30 years.
The approach attempts first to use land-cover data to model (1) the landscape preferences of a set of individuals and (2) the ecological connectivity of a set of animal species. Drawing on both multivariate statistical analysis and spatial analysis, the core of this work consists in investigating how the two functions have evolved in convergent or divergent ways over time. The results provide fresh insight into the relationship between landscape aesthetics and landscape ecology and raise questions about the value of spatial modelling for a landscape management approach that endeavours to reconcile the preservation of residents’ living environments and the conservation of biodiversity.
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place at "Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de Dijon" (6 esplanade Erasme, 21000 DIJON). This work was co-directed by Thomas Thévenin and Nadège Martiny.
Defense jury
BADARIOTTI Dominique, Professor at the University of Strasbourg
JOSSELIN Didier, Research Director at the CNRS, ESPACE
MARILLEAU Nicolas, Research Engineer at the IRD-UMMISCO, UPMC
MARTINY Nadège, Associate Professor at the University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
SANDERS Lena, Research Director at the CNRS, Géographie-Cités
THEVENIN Thomas, Professor at the University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Abstract
Based on surveys, traffic is constructed from assumptions about the relationship between origins and destinations. In order to rebuild a road traffic wich would be closer to observation and on a wider set of road sections, it appears interesting to use counting data from urban sensors : this is our starting point of view. The insertion of these in-situ dataset in the road traffic measurement provides the opportunity to experience the potential of sensors to estimate Traffic Air Pollution (TAP) levels at the intraurban scale. However, this requires to change the nature of these estimation, here through the construction of a model of multi-agents simulation, in order to extract more information on the road traffic. More generally, this work can be seen as a a knowledge building approach on TAP emisssions which is discussed throughout this work.
The implementation of the SCAUP (multi-agent simulation from Urban sensors for traffic air pollution) approach was developped in three stages: 1. Focusing on the quantification of road traffic devices through urban sensors; 2. Proposing a modeling approach for road traffic data simulation ; 3. Using as a reference the national framework used by AASQA to calculate RTA emissions. All is integrated within a technical matrix that forms the spine of the manuscript through three interrelated systems: quantification, modeling and evaluation. This work is part of an experimental approach dedicated to the calculation of TAP emissions based on traffic simulations. Sponsored by the ATMOSF’AIR BOURGOGNE local AASQA, this work could also be used in an operational mode for these organizations in charge of the air quality monitoring. At a time when the big data enters into new questions about the ability of researchers to extract knowledge, we propose a geographical approach that enables to replace the data in the center of an original road traffic simulation approach (data- driven).
- Details
- Category: Publication and Output
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Residential Choice in its Social Context
This book proposes, from a cross-disciplinary perspective, an original reading of current work on residential choice and the decisions associated with it. Geographers, social-psychologists, economists, sociologists, neurologists and linguists have worked together in the context of collective research into evaluation, choice and decision-making in the use of urban and periurban spaces. A synthetic outlook has been constructed from these complimentary scientific references. The book, which is designed as a handbook, also provides the opportunity to set out the different approaches to deal with the models which have been developed in this field.
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783658155414#aboutAuthors
About the authors:
Pierre Frankhauser has a doctoral degree in theoretical physics and in geography. He is full professor of geography at the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon.
Dominique Ansel has a doctoral degree in psychology. He is associate professor at the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon.
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place at the Grand Salon, 18 rue Chifflet, Besançon down town. This work was co-directed by Serge Ormaux and Jacques Fontaine.
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
The defense will take place at the thesis room of the "Maison des Sciences de l’Homme" at the University of Burgundy, 14:30, 6 Esplanade Erasme at Dijon.
- Details
- Category: News
Thomas Buhler is invited under the initiative of laboratory Chôros and “PostCarWorld” research project.
http://postcarworld.epfl.ch/page-113202-en.html
- Details
- Category: Publication and Output
We have the pleasure to inform you that the new version of Graphab software (version 2.0) is available. This version can be downloaded from https://sourcesup.renater.fr/graphab/
Graphab is a software application for modeling ecological networks using landscape graphs. Graphab 2.0 provides new features:
- · Grouping patches in meta-patches
- · Graph clustering by modularity index
- · Removing patches whose capacity is too low
- · Circuit theory on the graph : CF metric and distance matrix
- · Corridors (command line only)
Improvements
- · Habitat can be defined by several landscape categories
- · Patch addition is now available in graphical interface
- · Least cost paths may take into account slope using a DEM
- · Automatic conversion of metric distance to cost distance
User manual is available in English and in French.
We hope that Graphab 2.0 will be useful for you! For any problems or suggestions, please contact us at
- Details
- Category: Dissertation Defence
Marc Bourgeois is defending his PhD thesis "Ecological impacts of urban forms. Urban and landscape modelling." on December 11th 2015 in Besançon.
The defense will take place at the Grand Salon, 18 rue Chifflet, Besançon down town. This work was co-directed by Jean-Christophe Foltête and Cécile Tannier.
- Details
- Category: Publication and Output
The software application MUP-City, which
allows the user to simulate fractal residential development scenarios based on an existing urban pattern,
can be download freely on the web site:
https://sourcesup.renater.fr/mupcity/
Besides fractal rule for residential development, MUP-City includes nine other planning rules (access to shops and services, access to green and leisure facilities, proximity to the road network, non-fragmentation of built and non-built areas).
The software application has been developed at the research laboratory ThéMA. It received a financial support from France’s ministry for ecology, sustainable development and energy as part of the PREDIT 3 program.